Introduction: Unlike acute otitis media, which is a systemic and symptomatic disease with severe Otalgia, otitis media with effusion is an asymptomatic and silent disease. OME is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss and has adverse effects on speech development and cognitive skills. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence of OME in 1001three-six-year- old children in different kindergartens of Kerman, who were evaluated by multistage randomized sampling. They were examined by otoscopy and pneumatic otoscopy; then, suspicious cases were referred to the Kerman Shafa Hospital for tympanometry and acoustic re-ex for further confirmation. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software. Results: Of a total of 1001 patients, OME was diagnosed in 57 children (5/7%). More than 50% of the children were asymptomatic. Among the symptoms, periodic ear pain and turning up the volume of TV were more common. Discussion: With improved knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of OME, especially in younger children, hearing problems or cognitive and linguistic skills retardation may be avoided by general information.